Last month I wrote about Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), which is the most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer. This month let’s talk about the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, and the layer of flat skin cells at the top of the epidermis are called squamous cells. When squamous cells are damaged over and over again, the damaged cells can mutate into a cancerous group of skin cells known as Squamous cell carcinoma.

How do these cells get so damaged? The most common cause is ... you guessed it ... SUN!

Squamous cell carcinomas typically occur on sun-damaged skin, especially in fair-skinned individuals with a long history of chronic sun exposure, but anyone can develop them. In fact, SCCs are also the most common type of skin cancer in patients of Asian and African descent, often found on legs, anus, and chronic scars.

Other risk factors than sun-damaged skin include:

• Having previous skin cancers

• Exposure to radiation (x-rays or cancer treatments)

• Long term immune suppression (common in organ transplant patients)

• Long term scars

• Chronic ulcers

• Exposure to harsh chemicals (arsenic, tar, etc)

An early SCC presents as an asymptomatic small, pink to red, scaly spot. Over time, the lesion can become larger, deeper, and more of a bump. The center of the squamous cell carcinoma becomes ulcerated and may bleed or become scabbed over. These more advanced lesions can grow quickly, are often tender and may bleed.

As with all skin cancers, quick detection and removal are important. SCCs are very easy to treat if caught early. Neglected SCC’s can become quite destructive and, though rare, may spread internally (lymph nodes, internal organs) presenting a much more serious problem.

The appearance of a persistent scaly lesion on your skin should be evaluated by your dermatology health care provider to help prevent more significant issues from occurring.

YOU are a very important part of the detection process! Conduct routine self skin checks in a well-lit environment to keep an eye on the beautiful freckles, moles, lesions and spots on your skin. Increased familiarity of your skin will make it easier for you to prevent a new spot from becoming problematic. Full length mirrors and hand mirrors are wonderful tools to help you inspect your body. Friends and family can help look at your back and barbers/ hairstylists are also helpful for inspecting your scalp.

Prevention is just as important as early detection. Hats, protective clothing, staying out of the sun during peak hours, and regular sunscreen application are all effective ways to protect your skin.

It is never too late to start these practices and prevent further damage.